# Energy and data in media

https://telemetry.invisiblenetwork.ai

From David Jean Charlot, PhD's book [Eco AI](https://fabric.davidjcharlot.com/books/eco-ai), in his Fabric library. Plain figures, each measured (with what and when) or modelled (with its sources and range).

## One hour

- Playing: His Girl Friday: 1080p AV1, 4.3 Mbit/s. The renditions are read from this server's copy of the title.
- What: Watching
- Device: TV, over 50 inches
- Screen: Default
- HDR: Off
- Rendition: 1080p AV1, 4.3 Mbit/s
- Decoding: Hardware
- Network: Fixed line over Wi-Fi
- Segments come: From our servers
- Encode shared over: 1,000 viewings
- Grid: United States
- Country: US
- Grid of United States: 380 g CO2e per kWh, 2025, yearly average (life-cycle emissions of generation). Data read 2026-10-21.

| Stage | Your change (Wh) | Range | Your share (Wh) | Range | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Device and screen | 120 Wh | 82–180 | 120 Wh | 82–180 | measured |
| Home network | 0.15 Wh | 0.10–4.0 | 13 Wh | 8.0–18 | measured |
| Access and core network | 0.22 Wh | 0.22–0.25 | 3.0 Wh | 0.97–7.3 | power model, measured |
| CDN and data centre | 0.028 Wh | 0–1.3 | 1.3 Wh | 0.028–1.3 | derived, measured |
| Encoding, shared over viewings | 0 Wh | 0 | 0.80 Wh | 0.29–10 | derived |
| **Total** | **120** | 82–190 | **140** | 91–220 | modelled |

In grams of CO2: your change 45 g (31–72), your share 52 g (35–84).

What moves this hour most, from here (in grams of CO2):

1. Country's grid (yearly averages) (context, rarely changed for one hour): −94% to +240% (Central African Republic … Turkmenistan)
2. Device (context, rarely changed for one hour): −98% to 0% (Phone … TV, over 50 inches)
3. Screen brightness or picture mode: −37% to +48% (Eco or dim … Vivid or full)
4. HDR: 0% to +42% (HDR off … HDR on)
5. Network: 0% to +5.3% (Fixed line, cable to the router … Mobile, 5G)
6. Resolution and bitrate: −0.16% to +0.41% (360p AV1, 0.46 Mbit/s … 2160p AV1, 14 Mbit/s)
7. Codec, same picture size: −0.019% to 0% (1080p HEVC, 3.9 Mbit/s … 1080p AV1, 4.3 Mbit/s)
8. Edge cache or our servers: 0% to 0% (From the edge cache … From our servers)

A bytes-based model (Sustainable Web Design v4, about 0.30 kWh per GB) would put 580 Wh on this hour's 1.9 GB: 4.9 times the power model's 120 Wh. Network power is mostly drawn at rest, so bytes are not joules at the margin.

This stream sends 4.3 Mbit a second, about 430,000 times the 10 or so bits a second a person takes in. The picture's fidelity sets the bits; attention does not.

Set the levers on the page: [this hour](https://telemetry.invisiblenetwork.ai/?what=video&device=tv-large&brightness=default&hdr=off&title=his-girl-friday&rendition=av1-1080&decode=hardware&network=wifi&delivery=origin&viewings=1000&country=US). As JSON: [/api/model](https://telemetry.invisiblenetwork.ai/api/model?what=video&device=tv-large&brightness=default&hdr=off&title=his-girl-friday&rendition=av1-1080&decode=hardware&network=wifi&delivery=origin&viewings=1000&country=US).

## What our servers sent

Both servers: this one (server 3) and server 1's counts as of 2026-10-27 21:46 UTC. Their counts are added before anything is hidden.

2026-10-21 to 2026-10-27 (UTC days). A figure with fewer than 50 plays behind it is not shown.

| Day | Title plays | Sent | Hours of media | Mbit/s | Through Cloudflare | Text compressed ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-27 | 259 | 7.7 GB | 11 | 1.6 Mbit/s | 100% | 74% saved |
| 2026-10-26 | 1,471 | 16 GB | 25 | 1.5 Mbit/s | 100% | 73% saved |
| 2026-10-25 | 124 | 0.43 GB | 1.5 | 0.62 Mbit/s | 100% | 75% saved |
| 2026-10-24 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | 77% saved |
| 2026-10-23 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | fewer than 50 | 77% saved |
| 2026-10-22 | 821 | 3.2 GB | 12 | 0.59 Mbit/s | 100% | 74% saved |
| 2026-10-21 | 157 | 0.62 GB | 2.6 | 0.53 Mbit/s | 100% | 75% saved |

Measured on these servers (OnChipCounter, the kernel's own count of the server process's CPU energy): 0.001 Wh (0.00037–0.36) per viewing hour, its share for the media sent, ±0.18% (standard uncertainty, k = 1, of the part that can be evaluated) over 120 hours metered. For comparison, modelled, not measured: the Carbon Trust's 1.3 Wh per viewing hour for data centres and CDN together (DIMPACT members, 2020; Netflix's delivery-only 0.028 Wh at the low end). The method and its limits are on the site's Energy page.

## How widely plays spread

Plays per work over the last 30 days (2026-09-28 to 2026-10-27 UTC), counted per day with nothing about who. Both servers' plays, added together before any figure is shown. A medium with fewer than 50 plays is not shown, nor a total that would reveal one by subtraction ("withheld"). No work is named.

| Medium | Plays | Works played | Catalogue | Tail coverage | Exposure Gini | Entropy | Effective catalogue size | Following the catalogue's own counts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Films and shows | 214 | 27 | 35 | 77% | 0.61 | 4.1 bits | 14 | no honest baseline |
| Films from the archives | fewer than 50 plays |  | 563,908 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lectures | fewer than 50 plays |  | 35,551 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Radio drama | fewer than 50 plays |  | 17,707 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Podcasts | fewer than 50 plays |  | 69,120 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Music | fewer than 50 plays |  | 17,595 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Books | fewer than 50 plays |  | 78,333 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Audiobooks | fewer than 50 plays |  | 21,822 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Art | 112 | 89 | 1,468,171 | 0.0061% | 1.00 | 6.0 bits | 71 | no honest baseline |
| Live channels | 67 | 40 | 389 | 10% | 0.93 | 4.9 bits | 26 | no honest baseline |

All media together: 502 plays.

## Coefficients

- TV over 50 inches, whole set, SDR, default picture: 117.4 W (85–175) (measured). Field average 117.4 W for sets over 50 inches. Low: a 70-inch set at 85 W on SD content. High: 175 W, the top of a 55-inch set measured at 117-175 W. Sources: [Fraunhofer FOKUS and Deutsche Telekom (9 Sep 2025)](https://websites.fraunhofer.de/video-dev/putting-sustainable-streaming-to-the-test/); [Dom Robinson, Greening of Streaming (May 2023)](https://www.greeningofstreaming.org/_files/ugd/b1006e_afdeb75b4fee43f8b244d191cc308d27.pdf); [Jens Malmodin (Ericsson) (2023)](https://www.ericsson.com/4ac286/assets/local/about-ericsson/sustainability-and-corporate-responsibility/documents/2023/malmodin2023-just-measure-it.pdf)
- TV of 50 inches or smaller, whole set, SDR, default picture: 55.9 W (29–100) (measured). Field average 55.9 W for sets of 50 inches or smaller. Low: about 29 W, the EU label's SDR on-mode power of a 40-inch set. High: the Carbon Trust's assumed 100 W. Sources: [Fraunhofer FOKUS and Deutsche Telekom (9 Sep 2025)](https://websites.fraunhofer.de/video-dev/putting-sustainable-streaming-to-the-test/); [European Commission, EPREL product database (read 21 Oct 2026)](https://eprel.ec.europa.eu/api/products/electronicdisplays/1879878); [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf)
- TV of a size not known, whole set, SDR, default picture: 100 W (29–175) (assumed by the source). A browser cannot tell a TV's size. Central: the Carbon Trust's assumed 100 W for a TV. Low and high: the ends of the two size classes, 29 W (the EU label's SDR on-mode power of a 40-inch set) and 175 W (the top of a 55-inch set measured at 117-175 W). Sources: [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf); [European Commission, EPREL product database (read 21 Oct 2026)](https://eprel.ec.europa.eu/api/products/electronicdisplays/1879878); [Fraunhofer FOKUS and Deutsche Telekom (9 Sep 2025)](https://websites.fraunhofer.de/video-dev/putting-sustainable-streaming-to-the-test/)
- TV decoding HDR in software, added: 50 W (50–60) (measured). A 70-inch set drew 75-85 W with its built-in decoder and 135 W when HDR fell back to its CPU, which that decoder could not take: 50 W more (one set, a handheld meter; high: 135 W against 75 W). Sources: [Phil Kurz, TV Tech, reporting Dom Robinson's measurements (6 Mar 2023)](https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinion/the-greening-of-streaming-is-less-really-more)
- Hardware video decoder, HD at 30 fps: 0.719 W (measured). 0.719 W decoding HD at 30 frames a second and 2 Mbit/s in hardware, on an evaluation platform; HEVC in software on the same platform drew 24.45 W. Across six codecs, hardware decoders used less than 9% of the energy of software ones. Sources: [Herglotz, Kränzler, Schober and Kaup, IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (preprint) (30 Sep 2022)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.15405); [Kränzler, Herglotz and Kaup, PCS 2024 (14 Feb 2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09001)
- Laptop, whole device, hardware decoding: 13.5 W (13.5–22) (measured). 13.5 W measured at the wall on a Surface Book 2 playing H.264 in hardware. High: the Carbon Trust's assumed 22 W. Sources: [Herglotz et al., QoMEX 2022 (11 Oct 2022)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.05444); [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf)
- Phone, whole device, a typical setting: 2.22 W (1–2.76) (measured). One phone measured over an hour of YouTube: 2.22 Wh at a typical setting (75% brightness, 1080p, half volume) and 2.76 Wh at its highest (full brightness, 1440p, full volume). Low: the Carbon Trust's 1 W (battery capacity over hours of video). Fraunhofer FOKUS assumes 2 W. Sources: [Soltani Nezhad et al., TNO and Radboud University (30 Jun 2025)](https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34644568/eWbi42md/soltani-nezhad-2025-quantifying.pdf); [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf); [Fraunhofer FOKUS (Oct 2024)](https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/fokus/dokumente/fame/studien-paper/FAME_Greenstreaming_Whitepaper_2024-10_en.pdf)
- TV eco mode or low backlight, against the default picture: 0.63× (0.41–0.63) (measured). Eco mode saved about 37% on average in the field test, and was off by default on nearly every set. Low: 51 W at 20% backlight against 120-130 W at the default (derived). Sources: [Fraunhofer FOKUS and Deutsche Telekom (9 Sep 2025)](https://websites.fraunhofer.de/video-dev/putting-sustainable-streaming-to-the-test/); [Accedo (31 Aug 2023)](https://www.accedo.tv/insights-and-news/accedo-report-highlights-energy-use-of-video-streaming)
- TV with energy saving off (vivid), against the default picture: 1.48× (1.31–1.67) (derived). 170-200 W with energy saving off against 120-130 W at the default, on the same smart TVs (ratios derived). Sources: [Accedo (31 Aug 2023)](https://www.accedo.tv/insights-and-news/accedo-report-highlights-energy-use-of-video-streaming)
- Phone at 50% brightness, a step down: 0.79× (measured). From 100% to 50% brightness the phone drew 21% less (0.58 Wh in an hour, its other settings at their highest). One phone and one measured step, applied once downward from the typical setting; from 75% the saving may be smaller, and no measurement separates it. Sources: [Soltani Nezhad et al., TNO and Radboud University (30 Jun 2025)](https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34644568/eWbi42md/soltani-nezhad-2025-quantifying.pdf)
- Phone at full brightness, a step up: 1.243× (derived). The phone's highest setting against its typical one: 2.76 Wh against 2.22 Wh in an hour (derived: 1.243 times). Sources: [Soltani Nezhad et al., TNO and Radboud University (30 Jun 2025)](https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34644568/eWbi42md/soltani-nezhad-2025-quantifying.pdf)
- TV showing HDR, against SDR: 1.42× (1.29–1.78) (measured). HDR content drew 29-78% more than the SDR test clip on four TVs in the lab, and 42% more in retail tests reported in the same study; sets raised their backlight by themselves. Across EU label records the HDR premium runs from 0% to 131% by model. Sources: [Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (report E16-298) (16 Nov 2016)](https://neea.org/img/uploads/revising-the-tv-energy-use-test-procedure-incorporating-hdr-and-other-needed-changes.pdf); [European Commission, EPREL product database (read 21 Oct 2026)](https://eprel.ec.europa.eu/api/products/electronicdisplays/1879878)
- TV power across stream resolutions and bitrates: 1× (0.96–1.04) (measured). Changing a stream's resolution or bitrate moved total TV power by 1-4%, not significant at p<0.05. An HD stream upscaled on some 4K sets drew 4-10 W more, so lower is not always less. Sources: [Greening of Streaming (Feb 2026)](https://www.greeningofstreaming.org/_files/ugd/ecf0e7_7cb8d5eae00b4ba394743d2109ac7661.pdf); [Fraunhofer FOKUS (Oct 2024)](https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/fokus/dokumente/fame/studien-paper/FAME_Greenstreaming_Whitepaper_2024-10_en.pdf)
- Phone playing 720 lines or fewer, against 1440: 0.92× (0.92–1) (measured). From 1440p to 720p the phone drew about 8% less (0.23 Wh in an hour). Applied to renditions of 720 lines or fewer; no saving is claimed between 720 and 1440. Sources: [Soltani Nezhad et al., TNO and Radboud University (30 Jun 2025)](https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34644568/eWbi42md/soltani-nezhad-2025-quantifying.pdf)
- Laptop decoding AV1 in software, added: 4.78 W (2.97–4.85) (derived). VP9 in software drew 17.6 W against 13.5 W for H.264 in hardware (+4.1 W); AV1's software decoder uses 16.6% more energy than VP9's (derived: 4.8 W). The range is the spread across the three codecs. Sources: [Herglotz et al., QoMEX 2022 (11 Oct 2022)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.05444); [Kränzler, Herglotz and Kaup, PCS 2024 (14 Feb 2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09001)
- Laptop decoding HEVC in software, added: 4.85 W (2.97–4.85) (derived). +4.1 W for VP9 in software over H.264 in hardware; HEVC's software decoder uses 18.3% more than VP9's (derived: 4.9 W). Sources: [Herglotz et al., QoMEX 2022 (11 Oct 2022)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.05444); [Kränzler, Herglotz and Kaup, PCS 2024 (14 Feb 2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09001)
- Laptop decoding H.264 in software, added: 2.97 W (2.97–4.85) (derived). +4.1 W for VP9 in software over H.264 in hardware; H.264's software decoder uses 27.6% less than VP9's (derived: 3.0 W). Sources: [Herglotz et al., QoMEX 2022 (11 Oct 2022)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.05444); [Kränzler, Herglotz and Kaup, PCS 2024 (14 Feb 2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09001)
- Home modem and Wi-Fi router, always on: 12.7 W (8–18) (measured). A fibre modem and Wi-Fi router drew 12.7 W, varying about 1% whatever the use. Low: 8 W, a router while streaming in the hackathon. High: 18 W, a cable line's home equipment per subscriber. Sources: [Jens Malmodin (Ericsson) (2023)](https://www.ericsson.com/4ac286/assets/local/about-ericsson/sustainability-and-corporate-responsibility/documents/2023/malmodin2023-just-measure-it.pdf); [Greening of Streaming (Feb 2026)](https://www.greeningofstreaming.org/_files/ugd/ecf0e7_7cb8d5eae00b4ba394743d2109ac7661.pdf); [Prysmian (n.d.)](https://www.prysmian.com/staticres/energy-consumption-whitepaper/28/)
- What streaming adds to the home equipment: 0.15 W (0.1–4) (measured). Streaming added 0.1-0.2 W in the Swedish home. One router in the hackathon went from 4 W idle to 8 W streaming, the high end. Sources: [Jens Malmodin (Ericsson) (2023)](https://www.ericsson.com/4ac286/assets/local/about-ericsson/sustainability-and-corporate-responsibility/documents/2023/malmodin2023-just-measure-it.pdf); [Greening of Streaming (Feb 2026)](https://www.greeningofstreaming.org/_files/ugd/ecf0e7_7cb8d5eae00b4ba394743d2109ac7661.pdf)
- Fixed access and core network, per Mbit/s: 0.05 W per Mbit/s (0.05–0.057) (power model). Malmodin's 2020 coefficients as the Carbon Trust reproduces them: about 18 W per line at rest, 23 W at 100 Mbit/s. About 0.1 Wh per GB (derived). Sources: [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf); [Mytton, Lundén and Malmodin, Journal of Industrial Ecology 28(4) (Aug 2024)](https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/inecol/v28y2024i4p966-980.html)
- Fixed network outside the home, per household, always on: 2.8 W (0.75–7.1) (measured). Per household: street cabinet about 2 W, metro 0.5 W, core 0.3 W (measured). Low: a fibre line's access share, 0.75 W. High: 7.1 W, European operators' fixed-network electricity per subscription (62 kWh a year, derived). Sources: [Jens Malmodin (Ericsson) (2023)](https://www.ericsson.com/4ac286/assets/local/about-ericsson/sustainability-and-corporate-responsibility/documents/2023/malmodin2023-just-measure-it.pdf); [Prysmian (n.d.)](https://www.prysmian.com/staticres/energy-consumption-whitepaper/28/); [Lundén et al., Sustainability 14(5) (2022)](https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/5/2637)
- 4G radio and core network, per Mbit/s: 1.53 W per Mbit/s (1.03–2.03) (power model). Access 1.5 W and core 0.03 W per Mbit/s; the radio's slope is 1-2 W per Mbit/s on 4G-era equipment. About 3.4 Wh per GB (derived). Sources: [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf)
- 4G network per subscriber, always on: 1.2 W (1.2–4.2) (power model). Access 1 W and core 0.2 W per subscriber in the power model. High: about 4.2 W per subscriber at a base station (Malmodin 2023). Sources: [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf); [Jens Malmodin (Ericsson) (2023)](https://www.ericsson.com/4ac286/assets/local/about-ericsson/sustainability-and-corporate-responsibility/documents/2023/malmodin2023-just-measure-it.pdf)
- CDN and data centres, per viewing hour: 1.3 Wh (0.028–1.3) (measured). 1.3 Wh per viewing hour: the DIMPACT members' data centres and CDN in 2020, encoding and storage included (about 1% of the hour). Low: 0.028 W per stream on Netflix's Open Connect appliances, delivery alone. Sources: [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf); [Netflix (28 Apr 2023)](https://about.netflix.com/en/news/energy-efficiency-in-streaming)
- One more stream from an edge cache: 0.028 Wh (0–0.028) (derived). A CDN server's draw is mostly fixed (one measured at about 450 W, plus about 50 W at the evening peak), so one more stream adds less than its average share: at most 0.028 Wh in an hour. Sources: [Netflix (28 Apr 2023)](https://about.netflix.com/en/news/energy-efficiency-in-streaming); [Fraunhofer FOKUS (Oct 2024)](https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/fokus/dokumente/fame/studien-paper/FAME_Greenstreaming_Whitepaper_2024-10_en.pdf)
- One more stream that the edge does not keep: 0.028 Wh (0–1.3) (derived). A request the edge passes on also uses the origin server and the backbone. No published figure separates that part; the high end is the whole data-centre and CDN share of a viewing hour. Sources: [Netflix (28 Apr 2023)](https://about.netflix.com/en/news/energy-efficiency-in-streaming); [The Carbon Trust (DIMPACT) (June 2021)](https://www.carbontrust.com/sites/default/files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf)
- Encoding one frame of one rendition: 1.29 J (0.47–16.67) (derived). x264 at its medium preset (one of this site's encoders) drew 77.4 W encoding 1080p60 in real time: 1.29 J a frame. Low: 0.47 J with a hardware (Quick Sync) AVC encoder. High: 16.67 J, x265 medium per 1080p frame on a 2017 Xeon (that paper's absolute figures run high for its CPU). Each rendition is counted as a 1080p encode, which overstates the small ones. Sources: [Arunruangsirilert and Katto (24 Nov 2025)](https://arxiv.org/html/2511.18686v1); [Silveira, Porto and Bampi, EUSIPCO 2017 (2017)](https://www.eurasip.org/Proceedings/Eusipco/Eusipco2017/papers/1570347537.pdf)
- A bytes-based model: Sustainable Web Design v4, per GB: 0.3 kWh per GB (derived). Data centre 0.055 + 0.012, network 0.059 + 0.013, device 0.080 + 0.081 kWh per GB (operational + embodied): about 0.30 (derived). Shown only to compare: it scales with bytes, which network power does not. Sources: [Sustainable Web Design (n.d.)](https://sustainablewebdesign.org/estimating-digital-emissions/)

Grid data: Carbon Intensity API (National Energy System Operator; CC BY 4.0), https://carbonintensity.org.uk/; Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0), https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/.

## Our sources: answering, and lasting

Probed lightly from this server (28 September 2026 to 27 October 2026).

| Source | State | 30 days | Last outage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Archive | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 1,266 of 3,279 probes over 30 days (39%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:34 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (103 min). |
| Wayback Machine | Answering since 26 October 2026, 20:27 UTC | Answered 443 of 2,289 probes over 30 days (19%). | Last outage: 26 October 2026, 20:25 UTC to 26 October 2026, 20:27 UTC (2 min). |
| Wikimedia Commons | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 1,267 of 3,300 probes over 30 days (38%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 05:21 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (2 h 56 min). |
| Library of Congress | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 654 of 2,566 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:53 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (84 min). |
| NASA Image and Video Library | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 652 of 2,587 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:40 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (97 min). |
| Open Images | Not answering since 27 October 2026, 09:08 UTC | Answered 420 of 4,527 probes over 30 days (9%). | Not answering since 27 October 2026, 09:07 UTC. |
| Project Gutenberg | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 649 of 2,617 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 05:55 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (2 h 23 min). |
| Gutenberg mirror (PGLAF) | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 648 of 2,585 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:14 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (2 h 03 min). |
| LibriVox | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 666 of 2,474 probes over 30 days (27%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:24 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (54 min). |
| Standard Ebooks | Answering since 27 October 2026, 06:13 UTC | Answered 653 of 2,577 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 27 October 2026, 06:09 UTC to 27 October 2026, 06:13 UTC (4 min). |
| Wikisource | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 659 of 2,550 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:38 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (99 min). |
| Wikibooks | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 653 of 2,578 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:11 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (2 h 07 min). |
| LibreTexts | Answering since 27 October 2026, 17:51 UTC | Answered 655 of 2,571 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 27 October 2026, 17:37 UTC to 27 October 2026, 17:51 UTC (15 min). |
| OpenStax | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 648 of 2,569 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:14 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (2 h 03 min). |
| Open Textbook Library | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 656 of 2,552 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:14 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (2 h 03 min). |
| Rijksmuseum | Answering since 25 October 2026, 15:12 UTC | Answered 648 of 2,564 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 15:11 UTC to 25 October 2026, 15:12 UTC (2 min). |
| Art Institute of Chicago | Answering since 27 October 2026, 13:58 UTC | Answered 655 of 2,551 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 27 October 2026, 13:56 UTC to 27 October 2026, 13:58 UTC (2 min). |
| National Gallery of Art | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 656 of 2,544 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 05:55 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (2 h 23 min). |
| SMK | Answering since 27 October 2026, 00:55 UTC | Answered 642 of 2,658 probes over 30 days (24%). | Last outage: 27 October 2026, 00:53 UTC to 27 October 2026, 00:55 UTC (2 min). |
| Getty | Not asked  | Answered 0 of 1,106 probes over 30 days (0%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:35 UTC to 25 October 2026, 07:55 UTC (21 min). |
| Metropolitan Museum of Art | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 653 of 2,545 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:06 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (71 min). |
| Cleveland Museum of Art | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 656 of 2,538 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 08:04 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (13 min). |
| CERN | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 660 of 2,483 probes over 30 days (27%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:53 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (24 min). |
| TED | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 657 of 2,520 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 08:08 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (10 min). |
| MIT OpenCourseWare | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 650 of 2,539 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:59 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (78 min). |
| NPTEL | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 647 of 2,601 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:48 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (29 min). |
| Gresham College | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 653 of 2,567 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 01:46 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (6 h 31 min). |
| Open Yale Courses | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 660 of 2,525 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:46 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (31 min). |
| CS50 | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 653 of 2,506 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:55 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (82 min). |
| Stanford Engineering Everywhere | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 658 of 2,522 probes over 30 days (26%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 06:00 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (2 h 17 min). |
| YouTube | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 646 of 2,606 probes over 30 days (25%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 08:11 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (7 min). |
| Apple Podcasts directory | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 448 of 2,231 probes over 30 days (20%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 08:14 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (3 min). |
| Radio Browser | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 447 of 2,223 probes over 30 days (20%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:00 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (77 min). |
| iptv-org | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 447 of 2,263 probes over 30 days (20%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:19 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (59 min). |
| Carbon Intensity API | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC | Answered 452 of 2,189 probes over 30 days (21%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 08:14 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:17 UTC (3 min). |
| Ember | Answering since 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC | Answered 449 of 2,225 probes over 30 days (20%). | Last outage: 25 October 2026, 07:10 UTC to 25 October 2026, 08:16 UTC (67 min). |

### Survival

- **Wikimedia Commons, All 5 catalogues**: 851 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Internet Archive, All 5 catalogues**: 1,000 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Library of Congress, All 3 catalogues**: 600 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · Art Institute of Chicago**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · Cleveland Museum of Art**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · Getty**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · National Gallery of Art**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · Rijksmuseum**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · SMK**: 191 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Art · Wikimedia Commons**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Books · LibriVox**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Books · Project Gutenberg**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Books · Standard Ebooks**: 17 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Films · Internet Archive**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Films · Library of Congress**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Films · NASA Image and Video Library**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Films · Open Images**: 199 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Films · Wikimedia Commons**: 198 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Free music · Internet Archive**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Free music · Wikimedia Commons**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · CERN**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · CS50**: 13 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · Gresham College**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · Internet Archive**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · MIT OpenCourseWare**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · NPTEL**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · Open Yale Courses**: 39 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · Stanford Engineering Everywhere**: 9 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Lectures · TED**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Open textbooks · LibreTexts**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Open textbooks · Open Textbook Library**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Open textbooks · OpenStax**: 84 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Open textbooks · Wikibooks**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Podcasts · Publishers' feeds**: 195 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Print · Internet Archive**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Print · Library of Congress**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Print · Wikimedia Commons**: 53 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Radio drama · Internet Archive**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Radio drama · Library of Congress**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.
- **Radio drama · Wikimedia Commons**: 200 works checked weekly since 22 October 2026 (1 check); 0 confirmed gone. Too little history to estimate a half-life: an estimate needs 8 weeks of checks, so it can begin to mean something from 17 December 2026.

Works missing at their sources: 7 suspected, 0 confirmed gone (their pages keep the record).

### 1 January

On 1 January 2026, works published in 1930 entered the public domain in the United States, and sound recordings first published in 1925. On 1 January 2027 (in 66 days), works published in 1931 enter, and sound recordings first published in 1926.